Composition shingle



H. W. GREIDER ETAL COMPOSITION SHINGLE Dec. 12,

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec [/11 [III III] II/IIIIII/IIIIIIIIII/I/fi IIIIIIIVI I II/ '72 'IIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIII/l INVEN TORS. fin/(01.0 (GEE/Ofk l'KdLmvkLs/swamg ATTORNEY Dec. 12, 1950 H. w. GREIDER ElAL. 2,533,364

COMPOSITION SHINGLE Filed Dec. 14, 1949 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTOR EYS- Patented COMPOSITION SHINGLE Harold W. Greider and Walton V. Leibrook, Wyoming, Ohio. asslgnors to The Philip Carey Manufacturing Company, Lockland, Ohio, a

corporation of Ohio Application December 14, 1949, Serial No. 132.972

2 Claims.

Our invention relates to composition shingles normally flexible and composed of asphaltic material, the shingles being cut from a web of such material. Our invention relates to such shingles and particularly to improvements in the type known as 1' look shingles in which the exposure surface of each shingle is of T shape.

The expired patent to Black 1,849,785 of March 15, 1932, taught the art certain fundamental constructive principles in connection with T lock shingles. These principles involve cutting the individual shingles from webs of asphaltic sheet roofing materials wherein, wldthwise of the web. individual shingles in upright position have side edges which form the side edges of adjacent individual shingles in inverted position, there being no waste in web material between the edge out out portions of the upright shingles and the inverted shingles.

Certain further constructive principles are taught in the cutting and laying of the individual shingles which have heads, narrow shanks and stepped intermediate portions. The heads have straight upper edges and tabs at each lateral side which have parallel edges. The sides of the shanks have also substantially parallel edges. The stepped intermediate portions have interlocking corners between the steps into which locking tabs which extend laterally at the lower edges of the shanks of overlying shingles interlock. The distance from the interlocking corners of each shingle to the longitudinal axis of such shingle is equal to the distance from a side of the shank to the line extended from the outer edge of the head tab on the same side of the shank in order to have the side edges of the head tabs of each course of shingles, when laid, register properly and not overlap. Further the vertical length of the shank, exclusive of its locking tabs must be equal to the length of the head tabs to eliminate waste in cutting out the shingles from a web of roofing material.

In such shingles, which are often called single coverage shingles in that double thicknesses only occur at the joints between exposed portions of the shingles of overlying courses, the weakest portion is at the interlock. While the tendency of such shingles to have the individual T leg tabs ilap up in strongwinds is somewhat overcome by nailing down the underlying course adjacent the interlock in the stepped portion, it is the object of our invention to provide a construction in which relative lateral displacement of the shingles at the interlock is minimized.

This we accomplish by so cutting out and snap 2 ing the steps of the intermediate portions that an angular edge of a step abuts transverselythe angular Oblique edge of the locking tab of each overlaid shingle. Thus relative lateral displace ment of the shingle parts, without tearing of the shingle material, is minimized and the resistance of T leg tabs to flap up with wind of high velocity is reduced.

The foregoing objects and other objects to which reference will be made in the ensuing disclosure we accomplish by that certain com-bination and arrangement of parts of which we have illustrated a preferred embodiment.

In the drawings: 4 s

Figure 1 is a plan view of a web of flexible roofing material showing how the individual shingles are cut out, the shaded portions indicating the only waste.

Figure 2 is a plan view of a shingle the features of our invention.

Figure 3 is a plan view showing the manner of interlocking in laying the shingle of an overlying course.

Figure 4 is a plan view showing the position of a shingle of an overlying course in interlocked position.

Figure is a plan view of a-portion of a root in the process of laying.

Figure 6 is an enlarged perspective view showing the interlock against lateral displacement.

Referring to Figure l, the web of flexible roofing material is indicated at l, the waste in cutting being indicated at 2.

The shingles indicated at a are in vertical upright position the shingles b being identical but in vertically reversed position.

illustrating The heads of the shin les generally indicated at c are connected by means of stepped portio d with the shank portions e.

At the sides of the heads c are the side edge tabs f. The shanks e haveextending out at their lower edges the locking tabs 9, the upper edges of wh'ch are formed by lines extending at'acute angles to the parallel side edges of the'shan s in their narrowest portions.

The stepped portions d are composed of three steps 11,1 and 1 of unequal size and shape.. the intermediate step i being of acute angular formation. Because of this its lower side edge forms a continuation "of the'angular upper'edge of we locking tab of an overlying single. These edges, extending at angles obtuse-to the vertical axis of symmetry of the shingles provide a transverse abutment against lateral displacement of the 3 locking tabs. Since with a wind of high velocity the tendency of the flap composed of the T shaped leg is to bend upwardly along the line of the lower edges of the cross bars of the T, this abutment against lateral displacement tends to hold the T leg in position on the root.

In Figure 6 there is an enlarged perspective view showing the interlock against lateral displacement. The shading lines slanting up to the right indicate the overlying course. The shading lines slanting down to the right indicate the underlying course. Where the area is cross hatched there is a double thickness. It will be noted that the angular step i is preferably shaped like the two legs of an isosceles triangle, the length of the legs being equal. Since the overlying course of shingles has its tabs g on the left side interlocked underneath the lock corner k of the shingles of the underlying course, and since the underlying course is nailed down as with nails indicated at 11, any tendency of the leg 01' the T e of the overlying course to flap up is met by the abutment of the angular interlocking edge oi the tab 9 abutting the angular edge of the step i, so that this trend is substantially oversome. The pull up of a wind of high velocity is vertically upward and the edge to edge abutment exerts a locking effect with the slightest tendency of the underlying tab to slide laterally.

It will be observed that, as taught by Black in the expired Patent No. 1,849,785 of March 15, 1932, the length of the tabs 1 is the same as the length 01' the sides 01' the shanks E, not including the lower portions of which the lock tabs g are lateral extensions.

Also it will be observed, as also taught by Black, that the distance from the locking corners it (Figure 2) to the axis of symmetry indicated by the vertical dotted line z: and as indicated by the lines :c--::, are equal to the distance from the side edge of the shank'E (as indicated at 11-11) to an extension of the line of the outer edge of the tab I on the same side of the shingle. These distances being equal insures that the overlying course of shingles in one course will have their center lines of symmetry in registry exactly along the lines formed by the meeting edges of the head naps oi the underlying course.

Also it will be observed in Figure 1 that the waste 2 at the sides of the web is not necessary along the lines of either the upright or inverted shingles since there is a slight oilset in the lines cutting the pairs of upright shingles from the pairs of inverted shingles. This oflset accomplishes the same eil'ect as the waste strips 2 to insure that the vertical height of the lock tabs 9, whether oi the inverted or upright shingles will all be the same.

The height of the tabs 9 along a line extending from the side edges of the shank must equal the verticalheight of the steps :I, otherwise the exposure area of each shingle would not be outlined by straight lines.

Figure shows the position of three courses of shingles. Ordinarily at the edge of the eaves oi the root the first course is cut oil along a line oorrespondingwith the top of the side edges of the shanks. The solid lines show the edges of the shingles which can be seen, the dotted lines indicating edges of overlaid portions. The T exposure area is formed by the shank of each shingle which forms the leg of the T and the cross bars of the 1' extend across the distance equivalent to the distance between the locking corners of the stepped portion of each shingle. The height of 4 the cross bar of the T is equal to the height of the shank edges which outline it.

One feature of importance in our construction and which facilitates the laying up of the shingles on a roof is that the lateral width of the tabs 9 is-less than the width oi the steps 1. In laying up the shingles the outer vertical edges of the tongues a, as shown for example in Figure 5, are

.slightly further apart than the vertical edges of the steps a. If the width of the tabs g is one eighth inch less than the lateral width of the steps 7', there will be one-quarter inch more clearance in inserting the locking tongues g within the corners k and therefore there will be less likelihood of tearing at the corners in in laying up a roof.

We have found that, as shown in the drawings, the vertical distances from the interlocking corners of the tabs g down to the bottom edge of the shingles is preferably at least not more than one fourth of the total length of the shank e including the lower portions oi which the lock tabs 0 are lateral extensions. In the Black Patent No. 1,849,785 the vertical height of the locking tabs is more than one-third of the total vertical height of the shank. We have found that a tab having such dimensions tends to be too rigid to properly interlock. When combined with a lack oi lateral clearance for the shank in laying, torn corners are almost sure to result and high velocity winds will be likely to raise the bottom of the shingle shanks permitting rain to blow in and seep down between the shingles.

Unless there is a certain flexibility vertically oi the locking tabs in applying T lock shingles snug interlocking corners will not result. We have found that desirable proportions for the locking tabs 9 are from approximately one fourth to one sixth the height of the shank. Then there will be adequate vertical flexibility to permit tight corner interlocks without tearing.

Thus shingles made in accordance with our invention have preferably a combination of three features, when laid in a roof, 1. e.: angular interocks against lateral displacement, lateral clearance for the locking tabs in the space between the shanks of aligned shingles in a single course, and vertically flexible locking tabs (less than one-fourth the vertical height of the shank including the tabs) and ordinarily not more than about one and one-half inches from the corner of the locking tabs down to the lower edge oi the shingle. Such construction produces a shingle for a roof which, when laid, is very resistant to high velocity wind damage.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A high velocity wind resistant T lock flexible shingle for single coverage being of geometrically symmetrical shape and having a head having a straight upper edge and a tab at each lateral side, the lateral edges oi. the two tabs being parallel, a paral'el sided shank having a straight lower edge and having a locking tab projecting at each side of said lower edge, the line of attachment oi! said locking tab to the shank permitting vertical flexing oi the shank and being from one-fourth to one-sixth the total length of the shank, a stepped portion between the head and shank the vertical height of which is materially less than either the head or shank joining the head and shank and composzd of three steps each of diiierent size, and having a locking corner adjacent the intermediate of the three steps, said intermediate step being of acute angular formation and having a side edge providing a transverse abutment against lateral displacement of the upper edge of the locking tab of another similar shingle in an @overlying interlocked course, the distance from a side of the shank to the line of the outer edge of the head tab on the same side of the shingle being equal to the distance from the locking corners to the axis of symmetry of the shingle, and the lateral width of the locking tabs being less than the lateral width of the lower step whereby when said shingles are laid in courses said less width dimension between tabs and steps provides clearance, in laying an overlying course of shingles of double said less width dimensions.

2. A high velocity wind resistant T lock flexible shingle being of geometrically symmetrical shape and having a head having a straight upper edge and a tab at each lateral side, the lateral edges of the two tabs being parallel, a parallel 20 8 ferent size, and having a locking corner adjacent the intermediate of the three steps, said intermediate step being of acute angular formation and having a side edge providing a transverse abutment against lateral displacement of the upper edge of the locking tab of another similar shingle in an overlying interlocked course, the distance from a side of the shank to the line of the outer edge of the head tab on the same side of the shingle being equal to the distance from the locking corners to the axis of symmetry of the shingle, and the lateral width of the locking tabs being less than the lateral width of the lower step whereby when said shingles are laid in courses, said less width dimension between tabs and steps provides clearance, in laying an overlying course of shingles of double said less width dimensions.

HAROLD W. GREIDER. WALTON V. LEIBROOK.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,050,218 Abraham Aug. 4, 1936 2,460,353 Killingsworth Feb. 1, 1949 

